Iindaba - Zeziphi iiParamitha ezifuna ukujongwa kumanzi amdaka asemakhaya?

https://www.boquinstruments.com/news/what-parameters-require-monitoring-in-domestic-wastewater/

Amanzi amdaka asekhaya abhekisa kumanzi asetyenzisiweyo aveliswa kwimisebenzi yokuhlala neyoluntu, kuquka ukukhupha amanzi kwiintsapho, kwiindawo zokuhlala, ezikolweni, ezibhedlele, nakwizakhiwo zorhwebo. Ngokwesiqhelo aquka amanzi amdaka (umz., avela ekuhlambeni, ekuhlambeni impahla, nakwiisinki zasekhitshini) kunye namanzi amnyama (umz., ukungcola kwendlu yangasese), kwaye aqulathe umxube ontsonkothileyo wezinto eziphilayo, izondlo, iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, kunye nongcoliseko lweekhemikhali olubangelwa ngabantu. Umthwalo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo uxhasa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kweebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane; ukuba akhutshwa enganyangwa, abeka iingozi ezinkulu—kubandakanya ukudluliselwa kwezifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi—ngaloo ndlela esongela impilo yoluntu kunye nokuthembeka kwendalo. Lo mngeni unzima kakhulu kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi nephakathi, apho iziseko zophuhliso ezinganeleyo zihlala zikhokelela ekukhutshweni ngokuthe ngqo kwamanzi amdaka anganyangwanga, okwenza umonakalo okusingqongileyo kunye nomthwalo wempilo yoluntu ube mkhulu. Ngenxa yoko, unyango oluqatha ngaphambi kokukhupha amanzi lubalulekile ukukhusela umgangatho wamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle konyango kuyahluka kakhulu kwimimandla: amazwe anengeniso ephezulu asebenzisa iinkqubo zonyango eziphambili, ezinamanqanaba amaninzi kunye nolawulo olungqongqo, ngelixa amazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo ejongene nemida efanayo kumandla obuchwephesha, izibonelelo zemali, kunye neziseko zezikhungo. Ngaphambi konyango, ukucaciswa ngokupheleleyo kwamanzi amdaka—ngokusebenzisa iiparameters zohlalutyo ezisemgangathweni—kubalulekile ekuyileni amaqhinga afanelekileyo okunyanga, ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo, kunye nokwazisa imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwemithombo yamanzi esekelwe kubungqina kwihlabathi liphela.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/online-uv-cod-bod-toc-sensor-product/

Phakathi kweeparameter eziphambili, i-ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N) ifanele ukuba yeyona nto iphambili. Imele uxinano olupheleleyo lwe-ammonia enyibilikisiweyo (NH₃) kunye nee-ion ze-ammonium (NH₄⁺), ngokuyintloko ezivela kwi-human outcreta kunye nee-nitrogen-containing cleaners. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-NH₃–N anegalelo kwi-eutrophication, evuselela iintyatyambo ze-algal eziphelisa i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwaye zonakalise ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngaphezu koko, i-ammonia engaxutywanga iyingozi kakhulu kwiintlanzi nakwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezinobuthathaka, nto leyo enokuphazamisa ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi we-ecosystem. Kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu, i-NH₃–N ijongwa rhoqo phantsi kwemigangatho yomgangatho wamanzi kazwelonke kusetyenziswa iindlela zohlalutyo eziqinisekisiweyo (umz., i-colorimetry okanye ii-electrodes ezikhetha i-ion), ezenza ukuba ulawulo longcoliseko lube yimpumelelo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukubeka iliso kwizikhewu kuyaqhubeka kwiindawo ezininzi ezisaphuhlayo ngenxa yokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwizixhobo ezilinganisiweyo, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, kunye neenkqubo zolondolozo oluzinzileyo—ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ezidolophini apho ukuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka kudlula uphuhliso lweziseko. Ke ngoko, i-NH₃–N isebenza njengophawu olubalulekileyo lobunzima bongcoliseko kunye nomlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuvavanya umngcipheko wendalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango.

I-pH yenye iparameter ebalulekileyo efuna uvavanyo olucwangcisiweyo. Ichazwa njenge-logarithm engalunganga yomsebenzi we-hydrogen ion, i-pH ibonisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base yamanzi amdaka kwaye idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-6.5 kunye ne-8.5 kwimithombo yasekhaya, echatshazelwa ziisepha, inkunkuma yokutya, kunye nokukhupha amanzi kwimizi-mveliso. Ukuphambuka ngaphandle kolu luhlu kunokuthintela iinkqubo zonyango lwebhayoloji (umz., i-nitrification), ukubola kweziseko zokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, kwaye kuchaphazele kakubi i-biota yasemanzini. Ixesha langempelaUkuhlolwa kwe-pHivumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwemisebenzi yonyango—njengokuthatha iikhemikhali kunye nolawulo lomoya—kwiindawo ezinengeniso ephezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukulinganiswa kwe-pH okukhawulezileyo okanye okungekhoyo kuhlala kuqhelekile kwiimeko ezinqongopheleyo zezixhobo, okufaka isandla kumgangatho wokungcola okungahambelaniyo. Ngenxa yoko, idatha ye-pH ethembekileyo ayixhasi nje kuphela ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yendawo kodwa ikwaxhasa iinjongo ezibanzi zokhuseleko lwamanzi angaphaya kwemida kunye neenkqubo zococeko ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/new-online-phorp-meter-product/

Uxinzelelo lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO) lubaluleke ngokulinganayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo zokufumana amanzi kunye neeyunithi zonyango lwe-aerobic. I-DO ibonisa amandla emizimba yamanzi okugcina umsebenzi weentsholongwane ze-aerobic kunye nokuzihlambulula izinto eziphilayo. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-DO abonisa ukuncipha kweoksijini—okudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nomthwalo ogqithisileyo wezinto eziphilayo—kwaye anokubangela iimeko ze-hypoxic okanye ze-anoxic eziyingozi kwimpilo yasemanzini. Nangona i-DO ingalinganiswa rhoqo *kumanzi amdaka aluhlaza* asekhaya (ahlala engeyo-anaerobic), ukujonga kwayo amanzi amdaka anyangiweyo kunye namanzi angaphezulu komsinga kubalulekile kuvavanyo lomngcipheko wendalo kunye nengxelo yomthetho.

Ukwanda komthamo wamanzi amdaka akhutshwayo emakhaya kwihlabathi liphela kuye kwaqinisa impembelelo enxulumene nokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo. Ukukhutshwa okungalawulwayo emilanjeni, emachibini, nakwiindawo zamanzi amdaka kubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela, kunciphisa iinkonzo zenkqubo yendalo, kwaye kuphazamisa inkqubela phambili kwiNjongo yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo 6 (Amanzi acocekileyo kunye noCoceko). Ukungafani kokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho, ukwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji, kunye namandla okubeka esweni kuyawonyusa ngakumbi la magingxigingxi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuchazwa rhoqo, okusemgangathweni, nokumeleyo kwamanzi amdaka kuyinkqubo esisiseko yokuthintela ungcoliseko, ulawulo oluzilungelelanisayo, kunye nolawulo lwamanzi olulinganayo.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/industrial-phorp-meter/

Ukulinganiswa kweeparameter ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo zohlalutyo eziqinileyo, ezifanelekileyo. Abahlalutyi bomgangatho wamanzi banamhlanje banikezela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo, ephinda ivele, nelandelekayo—eququzelela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha kwiinkonzo, abalawuli, kunye namaziko ophando. Iipateni zokusasazwa kwehlabathi zibonisa amandla engingqi: amazwe anengeniso ephezulu aqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinzwa ezizenzekelayo, ezikwi-intanethi ezidityaniswe namaqonga edijithali, ngelixa izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu, eziphathwayo, nezingenakulungiswa kakhulu zibekwa phambili kuqoqosho olusakhulayo. IShanghai Boqiao Instrument Co., Ltd. inikezela ngepotifoliyo epheleleyo yezitifiketiabahlalutyi bomgangatho wamanzizenzelwe ngokukodwa ukujonga amanzi amdaka asekhaya. Izixhobo zabo zinomlinganiselo ochanekileyo, ukufakwa nokusebenza okulula, uzinzo lwexesha elide, kunye neendleko zomjikelo wobomi ezikhuphisanayo—eziqinisekiswe ngokusebenzisa ukusasazwa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100. Ngokuphucula ubuchwepheshe bokujonga obufikelelekayo, obusebenzisanayo, nobusekelwe kwisayensi—kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokuhambelana kweendlela kunye nokwakha amandla—uluntu lwehlabathi lunokuqinisa ulawulo lwamanzi amdaka, lulondoloze iinkqubo zendalo zamanzi acocekileyo, kwaye luqhubele phambili uphuhliso oluzinzileyo olubandakanya wonke umntu.