Iindaba - Yintoni inzwa yokuqhuba umbane emanzini?

Ukuqhuba kombane yiparameter yohlalutyo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya uvavanyo lokucoceka kwamanzi, ukujonga i-osmosis ebuyela umva, ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo yokucoca, ulawulo lwenkqubo yeekhemikhali, kunye nolawulo lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso.

Isixhobo sokulawula umbane kwiindawo ezinamanzi sisixhobo se-elektroniki esenzelwe ukulinganisa ukulawulwa kombane kwamanzi.

Ngokwesiseko, amanzi acocekileyo abonisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okuncinci. Ukuhanjiswa kombane kwamanzi kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuxinzelelo lwezinto ezixutywe kuwo—oko kukuthi, amasuntswana atshajiweyo afana nee-cations kunye nee-anions. Ezi ions zivela kwimithombo efana neetyuwa eziqhelekileyo (umz., ii-ion zesodium ions i-Na⁺ kunye nee-ion ze-chloride ions i-Cl⁻), iiminerali (umz., ii-ion zecalcium i-Ca²⁺ kunye nee-ion ze-magnesium i-Mg²⁺), ii-asidi, kunye nee-bases.

Ngokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kombane, i-sensor inika uvavanyo olungangqalanga lweeparameter ezifana ne-total dissolved solids (TDS), i-salinity, okanye ubungakanani bongcoliseko lwe-ionic emanzini. Amaxabiso aphezulu okuhanjiswa kombane abonisa uxinzelelo olukhulu lwee-ions ezinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukuncipha kobunyulu bamanzi.

Umgaqo Wokusebenza

Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenza kwe-sensor ye-conductivity usekelwe kuMthetho ka-Ohm.

Izinto eziphambili: Izinzwa zokuqhuba umbane zihlala zisebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwe-two-electrode okanye lwe-four-electrode.
1. Ukusetyenziswa kweVolthi: I-voltage etshintshanayo ifakwa kwisibini esinye see-electrode (ii-electrode eziqhubayo).
2. Ukufuduka kwee-ion: Phantsi kwempembelelo yentsimi yombane, ii-ion kwisisombululo ziyahamba ziye kwii-electrodes ezinetshaja echaseneyo, zivelise umsinga wombane.
3. Umlinganiselo wangoku: Umlinganiselo wangoku ophumayo ulinganiswa yi-sensor.
4. Ukubalwa kombane: Ngokusebenzisa i-voltage eyaziwayo esetyenzisiweyo kunye nomsinga olinganisiweyo, inkqubo imisela ukumelana kombane kwesampuli. Umbane emva koko ufunyanwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zejiyometri zesensor (indawo ye-electrode kunye nomgama phakathi kwe-electrode). Ubudlelwane obusisiseko buchazwa ngolu hlobo:
Ukuqhuba (G) = 1 / Ukumelana (R)

Ukunciphisa ukungachaneki kokulinganisa okubangelwa yi-electrode polarization (ngenxa ye-electrochemical reactions kumphezulu we-electrode) kunye neziphumo ze-capacitive, ii-sensors zanamhlanje ze-conductivity zisebenzisa i-alternating current (AC) excitation.

Iintlobo zeeSensors zeConductivity

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeenzwa zokuqhuba:
• Izinzwa ze-electrode ezimbini zifanelekile kwiindlela zokulinganisa amanzi acocekileyo kakhulu kunye nokulinganisa umbane ophantsi.
Iisensa ezine-electrode zisetyenziselwa uluhlu oluphakathi ukuya koluphezulu lokuhambisa umbane kwaye zibonelela ngokumelana okuphuculweyo kwi-fouling xa kuthelekiswa noyilo lwe-two-electrode.
• Izinzwa zokuqhuba ezisebenzisa i-inductive (toroidal okanye ezingena-electrode) zisetyenziselwa amanqanaba okuqhuba aphakathi ukuya kwaphezulu kakhulu kwaye zibonisa ukumelana okuphezulu kokungcola ngenxa yomgaqo wazo wokulinganisa ongadibaniyo.

IShanghai Boqu Instrument Co., Ltd. izinikele kwicandelo lokujonga umgangatho wamanzi kangangeminyaka eli-18, ivelisa izinzwa zomgangatho wamanzi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezisasazwe kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kwihlabathi liphela. Le nkampani inikezela ngezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo zezinzwa zokuqhuba umbane:

I-DDG - 0.01 - / - 1.0/0.1
Ukulinganiswa kokuqhuba okuphantsi kwiisensa ze-2-electrode
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa: ukulungiswa kwamanzi, amayeza (amanzi okujova), ukutya neziselo (ulawulo nokulungiswa kwamanzi), njl.

EC-A401
Umlinganiselo ophezulu wokuqhuba kwiisensa ze-electrode ezi-4
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa: Iinkqubo ze-CIP/SIP, iinkqubo zeekhemikhali, unyango lwamanzi amdaka, ishishini lephepha (ulawulo lokupheka kunye nokumhlopheza), ukutya kunye neziselo (ukubeka esweni ukwahlulwa kwesigaba).

I-IEC-DNPA
Inzwa ye-electrode eqhubayo, enganyangekiyo kukugqwala okunamandla kweekhemikhali
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa: Iinkqubo zeekhemikhali, intlama kunye nephepha, ukwenza iswekile, unyango lwamanzi amdaka.

IiNdawo zeSicelo eziPhambili

Izinzwa zokuqhuba umbane ziphakathi kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekujongeni umgangatho wamanzi, zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.

1. Ukubeka iliso kuMgangatho waManzi kunye noKhuseleko lokusingqongileyo
- Ukubeka esweni imilambo, amachibi, kunye neelwandle: Isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi ngokubanzi kunye nokubona ungcoliseko oluvela ekukhutshweni kwamanzi amdaka okanye ukungena kwamanzi olwandle.
- Ukulinganiswa kobutyuwa: Kubalulekile kuphando lwezolwandle kunye nolawulo lwezilwanyana zasemanzini ukuze kugcinwe iimeko ezifanelekileyo.

2. Ulawulo lweNkqubo yoShishino
- Ukuveliswa kwamanzi acocekileyo kakhulu (umz., kwimizi-mveliso ye-semiconductor kunye neyamayeza): Ivumela ukujonga iinkqubo zokucoca ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yomgangatho wamanzi engqongqo.
- Iinkqubo zamanzi okusela iibhoyila: Zinceda ekulawuleni umgangatho wamanzi ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhuhla kunye nokugqwala, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nobude bayo.
- Iinkqubo zokujikeleza kwamanzi ezipholileyo: Zivumela ukubekwa esweni komlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwamanzi ukuze kuphuculwe umthamo wamachiza kunye nokulawula ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka.

3. Ukusela Amanzi kunye noNyango lwaManzi amdaka
- Ulandelela umahluko kumgangatho wamanzi aluhlaza ukuxhasa ucwangciso olusebenzayo lonyango.
- Inceda ekulawuleni iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ngexesha lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

4. Ezolimo kunye nokuFuywa kwezilwanyana zasemanzini
- Ijonga umgangatho wamanzi okunkcenkceshela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwanda kwetyuwa emhlabeni.
- Ilawula amanqanaba etyuwa kwiinkqubo zezolimo zasemanzini ukuze kugcinwe imeko-bume efanelekileyo kwiintlobo zezilwanyana zasemanzini.

5. Uphando lwezeNzululwazi kunye nezicelo zeLebhu
- Ixhasa uhlalutyo lovavanyo kwizifundo ezifana nekhemistri, ibhayoloji, kunye nesayensi yokusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo yokuqhuba.

Bhala umyalezo wakho apha uze uwuthumele kuthi

Ixesha leposi: Septemba-29-2025