Isampulu yamanziIdlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni nasekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wamanzi omzi-mveliso. Babonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo yokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo, kulawulo lwenkqubo, kunye nophando. Ukunyusa ukusebenza kwesampulu yamanzi, kubalulekile ukuba ube nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zamanzi ongakwaziyo ukuwenza ngaphandle.
IiNgcebiso eziyimfuneko zoMgaqo wamanzi
I-1. Izikhongozelo zesampula: Imozulu ye-Wapring Wals
Izitya ezinesampulu ngumqolo wayo nayiphi na inkqubo yesampulu yamanzi. Beza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ukuze balungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhetha okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iibhotile zeglasi, izikhongozeli zeplastiki, kunye neengxowa. Ukukhetha isitya sasekunene kubalulekile ukuthintela ungcoliseko kwaye uqinisekise ukuthembeka kweesampulu zamanzi akho.
I-2. Isixhobo sokuqokelela isampula
Ukufumana iisampulu ezimele iisampulu, kuya kufuneka iziphumo zesampulu ezifana nesampulu ye-GREB okanye iiSabatha ezinzulu. Ezi zixhobo ziyakunceda ufikelele kubunzulu obuthile kwimizimba yamanzi ukuqokelela iisampulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Qinisekisa ukuba umpu wakho unokufumana izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho zesampulu.
I-3. Isampulu yolondolozo: Eyona ndawo iphambili yamanzi
Iisampulu zamanzi zihlala zifuna ukugcina ukuthembeka kwabo ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nohlalutyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba indawo yakho yesampulu ikude nelabhoratri. Iikhilomitha zokulondolozwa kwesampulu zihlala zibandakanya iichemicals kunye nezikhongozeli ezincedayo ukugcina iimpawu zesampulu de uhlalutyo.
I-4. Iilebheli zeesampulu kunye namaxwebhu: Eyona nto iphambili yamanzi
Ukugcinwa kwerekhodi ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekulandeleni nasekuhlalutye iisampulu zamanzi. Iilebheli kunye nezixhobo zamaxwebhu, ezinje ngeepeni zamanzi kunye neencwadana ezinemifanekiso, zibalulekile ekurekhodeni ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nesampulu, kubandakanya indawo, umhla, kunye nakuphi na ukubonwa.
5. Iimeko zothutho zesampula
Ukuthintela ukonakaliswa okanye ungcoliseko ngexesha lokuhamba, iimeko zesampula zibalulekile. Ezi meko zenzelwe ukhuseleko ukubamba izikhongozelo zesandla kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza. Zikwanceda ukugcina imeko yobushushu obufunekayo yokugcina iisampulu.
Sebenzisa isampulu yamanzi yokuthobela umgangatho wamanzi omzi-mveliso
Umgangatho wamanzi yinkxalabo ephezulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimveliso yezizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho esemgangathweni yamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yezomzi-mveliso ayiyonakalisa indalo okanye impilo yoluntu. Iisampulu zamanzi zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zokujonga nokufezekisa ukuthotyelwa kwale migaqo.
1. Ukubeka iliso kumgangatho wamanzi: Eyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yamanzi
ISabatha yamanzi Yenza ukuba abe neliso kumashishini ukuba abeke iliso kwimigangatho esemgangathweni yamanzi anjenge-PH, i-turbidity, ubushushu, inyibilikisile ioksijini, kunye nongcoliseko olwahlukileyo. Ngokuqokelela iisampulu zamanzi rhoqo, amashishini anokulandela utshintsho kwezi paramitha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokuhamba kwexesha, echonga imiba enokubakho kwaye athathe amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza.
2. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo: eyona isampulu yamanzi
Iinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso zibandakanya ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwiqumrhu lendalo okanye iinkqubo zokunyanga zamanzi amdaka. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo, njengoMthetho wamanzi ococekileyo eUnited States, kubalulekile. Iisandi zamanzi zinceda amashishini ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukukhutshwa kwabo kuyayifezekisa imigangatho, kuphephe izohlwayo kunye nemicimbi yezomthetho.
3. Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo kunye nokuphumelela: Eyona ndawo iphambili yamanzi
Iisampulu zamanzi zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubekeni nolawulo kunye nokwenziwa kwenkqubo. Ngokubeka iradimers esemgangathweni wamanzi, amashishini anokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zabo zokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa ugcina ukuthotyelwa. Oku kukhokelela kwisongela iindleko kunye nefuthe elincitshisiweyo.
4. Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo kokusiNgqongileyo: Eyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yamanzi
Kumsebenzi wamashishini ocwangcisa iiprojekthi ezintsha okanye i-intenansions, ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwempembelelo kokusingqongileyo kubalulekile. Iisampulu zamanzi zinceda ukuqokelela idatha yesiseko kumgangatho wamanzi wendawo, ebalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni iimpembelelo ezinokubakho kunye nokuyila amanyathelo okunciphisa.
Ukucombulula iingxaki ezinamava amanzi
Ngelixa izixhobo zamanzi ezixabisekileyo zibalulekile, banokudibana nemicimbi eyahlukeneyo enokuthi ichaphazele ukusebenza kwabo. Ukucofa ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha esemgangathweni yamanzi.
I-1. Iimpazamo zoLuleko: Eyona nto iphambili yamanzi
Ukulinganisa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesampulu yamanzi. Ukuba isampulu ayilungelelaniswanga ngokufanelekileyo, idatha eqokelelweyo isenokungachanekanga. Rhoqo zidibanisa umona wamanzi ngokwesikhokelo somenzi wokulondolozwa ngokuchanekileyo.
I-2. Ungcoliseko: Eyona nto iphambili yamanzi
Ungcoliseko lweesampulu zamanzi zinokwenzeka kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo, ukusuka kwisampulu yokuqokelelwa kothutho kunye nohlalutyo. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zicocekile kwaye zikhululekile kwiingcongconi. Ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kweesampulu kubalulekile ukuthintela ungcoliseko.
I-3. Ukuqokelelwa kwempazamo
Ingqokelela engachanekanga inokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezilahlekisayo. Qinisekisa ukuba isampulu ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesampulu zisetyenziswa. Landela ubunzulu besampulu kunye nexesha lokufumana iisampulu ezimele.
4. Imicimbi yamandla kunye nokuNinisa: Eyona nto iphambili yamanzi
Uninzi lwamanzi iisampulu zamanzi zenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zixhomekeke kumandla kunye nokunxibelelana emsebenzini ngokufanelekileyo. Jonga imiba yokuhambisa amandla, efana nobomi bebhetri, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba usasazo lwedatha luthembekile. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile ukuba uphephe iingxaki ezinjalo.
I-5. Ukurekhoda idatha kunye namaxwebhu: Eyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yamanzi
Ukurekhodwa kwedatha ngokuchanekileyo kunye namaxwebhu kubalulekile ekuthembekeni kwedatha esemgangathweni yamanzi. Naziphi na iimpazamo okanye okushiyiweyo ekubhaleni ulwazi malunga nesampulu kunokuchaphazela ukubaluleka kwedatha. Ukumiliselwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwedatha eyomeleleyo kwaye ubonelele ngoqeqesho olwaneleyo lwabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yesampulu.
Iimpawu zobugcisa: Isampulu yamanzi eyona
Iimpawu zobugcisa zeI-AMS-A803 AMANZIAKUKHO BUNGOZI LOMTSHATO LWEZIBONELELO, ZENZA ISIQINISEKISO EZIQHELEKILEYO ZOKWENZA IIMFUNO ZEXESHA LESITHUBA SESITHILI:
I-1. Isampulu yesiqhelo:Isampulu ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zesampulu, kubandakanya ixesha, i-ratio efanayo, i-Riotionary Elinganayo, inqanaba elilinganayo elilinganayo, kunye nesampulu yolawulo lwangaphandle. Olu bhetyebhetye luvumela ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Ibhotile eyahlula ngeendlela:Isixhobo sixhasa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula-hlula ibhotile, ezinjengesampulu efanayo, isampulu enye, kunye nesampulu exubeneyo. Oku kubangela ukuba abantu baqinisekise ukuba umpu wamanzi unokuziqhelanisa neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeSampul.
3. Ukugcinwa kwesampulu eninzi:Ngokubambisana neenkqubo ze-intanethi, i-AMS-A803 Amanzi anokugcina iisampulu zamanzi kwiibhotile zesampulu xa idatha engaqhelekanga ifunyenwe. Eli nqaku libalulekile kulawulo oluphawuleleyo kunye nokucocwa kwengxaki.
4. Ukhuseleko lwamandla:Esi sixhobo siza kukhuselo oluzenzekelayo lwamandla oluzenzekelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyaqhubeka nokusebenzela ngokungafanelekanga nokuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kwamandla. Oku kuthembeka kubalulekile ukugcina ingqokelela yedatha engaphazanyiswa.
5. Ukugcinwa kwerekhodi:Isampulu yamanzi igcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha, kubandakanya neerekhodi zesampulu, ukuvulwa komnyango nokuvula iirekhodi zokuvala, kunye neerekhodi zaMandla. Olu xwebhu lubonelela ngokungafihlisiyo kunye nokuphendula kwinkqubo yesampulu.
6. Ukulawulwa kobushushu bedijithali:Ngolawulo lwamaqondo obushushu e-chill yedijithali yebhokisi ye-chill, i-AMS-i-AWS-A303 yamanzi iqinisekisa ukuba amaqondo obushushu ahlala iyunifomu kwaye ichanekile. Inkqubo eyongezelelweyo yokugcina i-orbang iqhubeke iphucula ulawulo lobushushu.
Izicelo: Eyona ndawo iphambili yamanzi
Ukugxininisa kwe-AMS-A803 Amanzi enza ukuba ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezicelo ezahlukeneyo:
1. Izityalo ezinqamlezileyo:Kwindawo yokunyanga yamanzi amdaka, isampulu echanekileyo ibalulekile ekujonganeni amanqanaba okungcolisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo.
2. Izityalo zamandla:Izityalo zamandla zihlala zifuna isampulu yamanzi eqhubekayo yokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi asetyenzisiweyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo nakwiinkqubo, ukuthintela ukuvela kunye nemicimbi yokolisa.
3. Cofa unyango lwamanzi:Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wamanzi empompo yeyona nto iphambili. I-AMS-A803 AIDS AIDS KWI-AIDS EKUFANELEKILEYO YOKUGQIBELA UMGAQO-NKQUBO WOKWENZA AMANZI AMANZI ABASEKHAYAYO KWIMBALI.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuququmbela,Iisampulu zamanziKwaye izixhobo zabo ziyizixhobo ezinokubekwa ekujongani umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo esemgangathweni yezamashishini. Izixhobo ezixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zigcina iisampulu zamanzi zinokubonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo kumashishini, iiarhente ezilawulayo, kunye nabaphandi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imiba eqhelekileyo enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesampulu kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okwenza ingxaki kwaye uzisombulule. Ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye neendlela ezilungileyo, amashishini anokugcina imigangatho esemgangathweni yamanzi ngelixa enciphisa ifuthe labo lokusingqongileyo.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-10 ukuya kwi-1023
