Isivamvo seNtuthuko esiSiko: Isixhobo esiBalulekileyo sokuJonga uMgangatho waManzi

I-turbidity, echazwa njengobungqingqwa okanye ubumanzi bolwelo olubangelwa ngamanani amakhulu amasuntswana axhonywe ngaphakathi kuwo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni umgangatho wamanzi. Ukulinganisa i-turbidity kubalulekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuqinisekiseni amanzi acocekileyo okusela ukuya ekubekeni iliso kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo.Uluvo lwe-turbiditysisixhobo esiphambili esisetyenziselwa le njongo, esinika imilinganiselo echanekileyo nefanelekileyo. Kule bhlog, siza kugocagoca kwimigaqo yokulinganisa i-turbidity, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinzwa ze-turbidity, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

IsiBonelelo seSiko seTurbidity: Imigaqo yoMlinganiselo woTrurbidity

Umlinganiselo we-turbidity uxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano phakathi kokukhanya kunye namasuntswana amisiweyo kulwelo. Imigaqo emibini ephambili ilawula le ntsebenziswano: ukusasazeka kokukhanya kunye nokufunxa ukukhanya.

A. IsiBonelelo seSiko lokuGququzela: Ukusasazwa kokukhanya

Isiphumo sikaTyndall:Isiphumo seTyndall senzeka xa ukukhanya kusasazwa ngamasuntswana amancinci axhonywe kwindawo esobala. Lo mcimbi unoxanduva lokwenza umendo we-laser beam ebonakalayo kwigumbi eliqhumayo.

Ndiyachithachitha:Ukusasazeka kwe-Mie lolunye uhlobo lokusasaza kokukhanya olusebenza kumasuntswana amakhulu. Ibonakaliswe ngepateni yokusabalalisa eyinkimbinkimbi, echatshazelwa bubungakanani bamasuntswana kunye nobude bokukhanya.

B. ISensor ye-Turbidity yesiko: Ukufunxa ukukhanya

Ngaphandle kokusasaza, amanye amasuntswana afunxa amandla okukhanya. Ubungakanani bokukhanya kokukhanya buxhomekeke kwiipropati zamasuntswana amisiweyo.

C. IsiBonelelo seSiko loTurbidity: Ubudlelwane phakathi koTrubi kunye nokuSasaza koKhanya / ukufunxa

I-turbidity yolwelo ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo neqondo lokusasazwa kokukhanya kunye nokulinganisa ngokuphambeneyo kunye neqondo lokufunxa ukukhanya. Obu budlelwane benza isiseko sobuchule bokulinganisa ubuqhophololo.

IsiBonelelo seSiko seTurbidity: Iintlobo zeeSensors zeTurbidity

Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeenzwa ze-turbidity ezikhoyo, nganye inemigaqo yayo yokusebenza, izibonelelo, kunye nemida.

A. Isivamvo soVavanyo esiSiko: iNephelometric Sensors

1. Umgaqo wokuSebenza:Abenzi boluvo be-Nephelometric balinganisa ubugqwirha ngokubala ukukhanya okuthe saa kwi-engile ethile (ngokuqhelekileyo ngama-90 degrees) ukusuka kwisiganeko sokukhanya. Le ndlela ibonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo kumanqanaba asezantsi e-turbidity.

2. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemida:Izinzwa zeNephelometric zinovakalelo kakhulu kwaye zinika imilinganiselo echanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, banokungaqhubi kakuhle kumanqanaba aphezulu e-turbidity kwaye banokuchaphazeleka ngokulula.

B. ISensor ye-Turbidity yesiko: iiSensors zokufunxa

1. Umgaqo wokuSebenza:Izixhobo zoluvo zokufunxa zilinganisa ubugqwirha ngokubala ubungakanani bokukhanya okufunxayo njengoko kudlula kwisampulu. Zisebenza ngokukodwa kumanqanaba aphezulu e-turbidity.

2. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemida:Izinzwa zokufunxa zomelele kwaye zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwamanqanaba e-turbidity. Nangona kunjalo, banokungakhathali kangako kumanqanaba asezantsi e-turbidity kwaye banovelwano kutshintsho kumbala wesampulu.

C. Custom Turbidity Sensor: Ezinye iintlobo zeSensor

1. IiSensors zeMowudi ezimbini:Ezi zinzwa zidibanisa zombini i-nephelometric kunye nemigaqo yokulinganisa ukufunxa, inika iziphumo ezichanekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-turbidity.

2. Izivamvo ezisekwe kwiLaser:Izinzwa ezisekwe kwiLaser zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelaser kwimilinganiselo ye-turbidity echanekileyo, enika ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokuchasana nokungalunganga. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa uphando kunye nezicelo ezizodwa.

Isivamvo seNtuthuko eseSiko: usetyenziso lweeSensors zeTurbidity

Uluvo lwe-turbidityifumana izicelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo:

A. Unyango lwamanzi:Ukuqinisekisa amanzi okusela akhuselekileyo ngokubeka iliso kumaqondo obunzima kunye nokukhangela amasuntswana anokuthi abonakalise ungcoliseko.

B. Ukubeka iliso kokusiNgqongileyo:Ukuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi kwimizimba yendalo yamanzi, ukunceda ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yendalo yasemanzini.

C. Iinkqubo zoShishino:Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ubugxwayiba kwiinkqubo zamashishini apho umgangatho wamanzi ubalulekile, njengakwishishini lokutya nesiselo.

D. UPhando noPhuhliso:Ukuxhasa uphando lwezenzululwazi ngokubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo yezifundo ezihambelana nokubonakaliswa kwamasuntswana kunye ne-fluid dynamics.

Omnye umenzi obalaseleyo wezinzwa ze-turbidity yi-Shanghai BOQU Instrument Co., Ltd. Iimveliso zabo ezintsha ziye zaba sisixhobo ekubekweni iliso komgangatho wamanzi kunye nezicelo zophando, ezibonisa ukuzibophelela kweshishini ekuqhubeleni phambili itekhnoloji yokulinganisa i-turbidity.

Isivamvo seTurbidity esiSiko: Amalungu eSensor yeTurbidity

Ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani izinzwa ze-turbidity, umntu kufuneka aqonde kuqala amacandelo azo asisiseko:

A. Umthombo wokukhanya (i-LED okanye iLaser):Iinzwa ze-turbidity zisebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukukhanyisa isampuli. Oku kunokuba yi-LED okanye i-laser, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli ethile.

B. Igumbi lokukhanya okanye iCuvette:Igumbi le-optical okanye i-cuvette yintliziyo yenzwa. Ibamba isampuli kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya kunokudlula kuyo ukulinganisa.

C. Isikhangeli sefoto:Ibekwe ngokuchasene nomthombo wokukhanya, i-photodetector ibamba ukukhanya okudlula isampuli. Ilinganisa ubunzulu bokukhanya okufunyenweyo, okuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-turbidity.

D. IYunithi yoLungiso lweMiqondiso:Iyunithi yokucwangcisa umqondiso itolika idatha esuka kwi-photodetector, ukuyiguqula ibe yimilinganiselo ye-turbidity.

E. Isiboniso okanye isiNxulumano seZiphumo zeDatha:Eli candelo libonelela ngendlela esebenzisekayo ukufikelela kwidatha ye-turbidity, ehlala iboniswa kwi-NTU (i-Nephelometric Turbidity Units) okanye ezinye iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo.

IsiBonelelo seSiko lokuTshintsha: Ulungelelwaniso kunye noLondolozo

Ukuchaneka kwenzwa ye-turbidity kunye nokuthembeka kuxhomekeke ekulinganisweni okufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.

A. Ukubaluleka koLungiso:Ukulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo yenzwa ihlala ichanekile ekuhambeni kwexesha. Iseka indawo yereferensi, ivumela ufundo lwe-turbidity oluchanekileyo.

B. ImiGangatho yoLungiso kunye neeNkqubo:Abenzi boluvo be-turbidity bahlengahlengiswa kusetyenziswa izisombululo ezisemgangathweni zamanqanaba aziwayo obunzima. Ukulinganisa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba inzwa ibonelela ngokufunda okuhambelanayo nokuchanekileyo. Iinkqubo zokulinganisa zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiingcebiso zomenzi.

C. IiMfuno zoLondolozo:Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubandakanya ukucoca igumbi le-optical, ukujonga umthombo wokukhanya wokusebenza, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inzwa isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kuthintela ukukhukuliseka kwimilinganiselo kwaye kwandise ubomi benzwa.

Isivamvo seNgqungquthela esiSiko: Izinto ezichaphazela umlinganiselo wobuThuba

Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela imilinganiselo ye-turbidity:

A. Ubungakanani beNcam kunye noKuqulunqwa:Ubungakanani kunye nokubunjwa kwamasuntswana amisiweyo kwisampulu kunokuchaphazela ukufundwa kwe-turbidity. Amasuntswana ahlukeneyo asasaza ukukhanya ngokwahlukileyo, ngoko ke ukuqonda iimpawu zesampulu kubalulekile.

B. Ubushushu:Utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa kunokutshintsha iipropati zombini kunye ne-sensor, ezinokuchaphazela imilinganiselo ye-turbidity. Izivamvo zihlala ziza kunye neempawu zembuyekezo yobushushu ukujongana noku.

C. Amanqanaba e-pH:Amanqanaba aphezulu e-pH anokuchaphazela ukudityaniswa kwamasuntswana kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ufundo lwe-turbidity. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-pH yesampulu ingaphakathi koluhlu olwamkelekileyo kubalulekile kwimilinganiselo echanekileyo.

D. Ukuphatha iSampuli kunye noLungiselelo:Indlela isampuli eqokelelwa ngayo, iphathwe, kwaye ilungiswe ngayo inokuchaphazela kakhulu imilinganiselo ye-turbidity. Ubuchule bokuthatha iisampulu ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwesampulu engaguqukiyo kubalulekile kwiziphumo ezithembekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela

Uluvo lwe-turbidityzizixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ukuqonda imigaqo-siseko esemva komlinganiselo we-turbidity kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesivamvo ezikhoyo kuxhobisa izazinzulu, iinjineli, kunye neengcali zokusingqongileyo ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwimimandla yazo, ekugqibeleni zibe negalelo kwiplanethi ekhuselekileyo nesempilweni.