I-turbidity, echazwa njengobungqingqwa okanye ubumanzi bolwelo olubangelwa ngamanani amakhulu amasuntswana axhonywe ngaphakathi kuwo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni umgangatho wamanzi.Ukulinganisa i-turbidity kubalulekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuqinisekiseni amanzi acocekileyo okusela ukuya ekubekeni iliso kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo.Uluvo lwe-turbiditysisixhobo esiphambili esisetyenziselwa le njongo, esinika imilinganiselo echanekileyo nefanelekileyo.Kule bhlog, siza kugocagoca kwimigaqo yokulinganisa i-turbidity, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinzwa ze-turbidity, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
IsiBonelelo seSiko seTurbidity: Imigaqo yoMlinganiselo woTrurbidity
Umlinganiselo we-turbidity uxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano phakathi kokukhanya kunye namasuntswana amisiweyo kulwelo.Imigaqo emibini ephambili ilawula le ntsebenziswano: ukusasazeka kokukhanya kunye nokufunxa ukukhanya.
A. IsiBonelelo seSiko lokuGququzela: Ukusasazwa kokukhanya
Isiphumo sikaTyndall:Isiphumo seTyndall senzeka xa ukukhanya kusasazwa ngamasuntswana amancinci axhonywe kwindawo esobala.Lo mcimbi unoxanduva lokwenza umendo we-laser beam ebonakalayo kwigumbi eliqhumayo.
Ndiyachithachitha:Ukusasazeka kwe-Mie lolunye uhlobo lokusasaza kokukhanya olusebenza kumasuntswana amakhulu.Ibonakaliswe ngepateni yokusabalalisa eyinkimbinkimbi, echatshazelwa bubungakanani bamasuntswana kunye nobude bokukhanya.
B. ISensor ye-Turbidity yesiko: Ukufunxa ukukhanya
Ngaphandle kokusasaza, amanye amasuntswana afunxa amandla okukhanya.Ubungakanani bokukhanya kokukhanya buxhomekeke kwiipropati zamasuntswana amisiweyo.
C. IsiBonelelo seSiko loTurbidity: Ubudlelwane phakathi koTrubi kunye nokuSasaza koKhanya / ukufunxa
I-turbidity yolwelo ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo neqondo lokusasazwa kokukhanya kunye nokulinganisa ngokuphambeneyo kunye neqondo lokufunxa ukukhanya.Obu budlelwane benza isiseko sobuchule bokulinganisa ubuqhophololo.
IsiBonelelo seSiko seTurbidity: Iintlobo zeeSensors zeTurbidity
Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeenzwa ze-turbidity ezikhoyo, nganye inemigaqo yayo yokusebenza, izibonelelo, kunye nemida.
A. Isivamvo soVavanyo esiSiko: iNephelometric Sensors
1. Umgaqo wokuSebenza:Abenzi boluvo be-Nephelometric balinganisa ubugqwirha ngokubala ukukhanya okuthe saa kwi-engile ethile (ngokuqhelekileyo ngama-90 degrees) ukusuka kwisiganeko sokukhanya.Le ndlela ibonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo kumanqanaba asezantsi e-turbidity.
2. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemida:Izinzwa zeNephelometric zinovakalelo kakhulu kwaye zinika imilinganiselo echanekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, banokungaqhubi kakuhle kumanqanaba aphezulu e-turbidity kwaye banokuchaphazeleka ngokulula.
B. ISensor ye-Turbidity yesiko: iiSensors zokufunxa
1. Umgaqo wokuSebenza:Izixhobo zoluvo zokufunxa zilinganisa ubugqwirha ngokubala ubungakanani bokukhanya okufunxayo njengoko kudlula kwisampulu.Zisebenza ngokukodwa kumanqanaba aphezulu e-turbidity.
2. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nemida:Izinzwa zokufunxa zomelele kwaye zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwamanqanaba e-turbidity.Nangona kunjalo, banokungakhathali kangako kumanqanaba asezantsi e-turbidity kwaye banovelwano kutshintsho kumbala wesampulu.
C. Custom Turbidity Sensor: Ezinye iintlobo zeSensor
1. IiSensors zeMowudi ezimbini:Ezi zinzwa zidibanisa zombini i-nephelometric kunye nemigaqo yokulinganisa ukufunxa, inika iziphumo ezichanekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-turbidity.
2. Izivamvo ezisekwe kwiLaser:Izinzwa ezisekwe kwiLaser zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelaser kwimilinganiselo ye-turbidity echanekileyo, enika ubuntununtunu obuphezulu kunye nokuchasana nokungalunganga.Zihlala zisetyenziselwa uphando kunye nezicelo ezizodwa.
Isivamvo seNtuthuko eseSiko: usetyenziso lweeSensors zeTurbidity
Uluvo lwe-turbidityifumana izicelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo:
A. Unyango lwamanzi:Ukuqinisekisa amanzi okusela akhuselekileyo ngokubeka iliso kumaqondo obunzima kunye nokukhangela amasuntswana anokuthi abonakalise ungcoliseko.
B. Ukubeka iliso kokusiNgqongileyo:Ukuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi kwimizimba yendalo yamanzi, ukunceda ukubeka iliso kwimpilo yendalo yasemanzini.
C. Iinkqubo zoShishino:Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ubugxwayiba kwiinkqubo zamashishini apho umgangatho wamanzi ubalulekile, njengakwishishini lokutya nesiselo.
D. UPhando noPhuhliso:Ukuxhasa uphando lwezenzululwazi ngokubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo yezifundo ezihambelana nokubonakaliswa kwamasuntswana kunye ne-fluid dynamics.
Omnye umenzi obalaseleyo wezinzwa ze-turbidity yi-Shanghai BOQU Instrument Co., Ltd. Iimveliso zabo ezintsha ziye zaba sisixhobo ekubekweni iliso komgangatho wamanzi kunye nezicelo zophando, ezibonisa ukuzibophelela kweshishini ekuqhubeleni phambili itekhnoloji yokulinganisa i-turbidity.
Isivamvo seTurbidity esiSiko: Amalungu eSensor yeTurbidity
Ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani izinzwa ze-turbidity, umntu kufuneka aqonde kuqala amacandelo azo asisiseko:
A. Umthombo wokukhanya (i-LED okanye iLaser):Iinzwa ze-turbidity zisebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukukhanyisa isampuli.Oku kunokuba yi-LED okanye i-laser, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli ethile.
B. Igumbi lokukhanya okanye iCuvette:Igumbi le-optical okanye i-cuvette yintliziyo yenzwa.Ibamba isampuli kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya kunokudlula kuyo ukulinganisa.
C. Isikhangeli sefoto:Ibekwe ngokuchasene nomthombo wokukhanya, i-photodetector ibamba ukukhanya okudlula isampuli.Ilinganisa ubunzulu bokukhanya okufunyenweyo, okuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-turbidity.
D. IYunithi yoLungiso lweMiqondiso:Iyunithi yokucwangcisa umqondiso itolika idatha esuka kwi-photodetector, ukuyiguqula ibe yimilinganiselo ye-turbidity.
E. Isiboniso okanye isiNxulumano seZiphumo zeDatha:Eli candelo libonelela ngendlela esebenzisekayo ukufikelela kwidatha ye-turbidity, ehlala iboniswa kwi-NTU (i-Nephelometric Turbidity Units) okanye ezinye iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo.
IsiBonelelo seSiko lokuTshintsha: Ulungelelwaniso kunye noLondolozo
Ukuchaneka kwenzwa ye-turbidity kunye nokuthembeka kuxhomekeke ekulinganisweni okufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.
A. Ukubaluleka koLungiso:Ukulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo yenzwa ihlala ichanekile ekuhambeni kwexesha.Iseka indawo yereferensi, ivumela ufundo lwe-turbidity oluchanekileyo.
B. ImiGangatho yoLungiso kunye neeNkqubo:Izibonisi ze-turbidity zilinganiswe kusetyenziswa izisombululo ezisemgangathweni zamanqanaba aziwayo obunzima.Ukulinganisa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba inzwa ibonelela ngokufunda okuhambelanayo nokuchanekileyo.Iinkqubo zokulinganisa zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiingcebiso zomenzi.
C. IiMfuno zoLondolozo:Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubandakanya ukucoca igumbi le-optical, ukujonga umthombo wokukhanya wokusebenza, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inzwa isebenza ngokuchanekileyo.Ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kuthintela ukukhukuliseka kwimilinganiselo kwaye kwandise ubomi benzwa.
Isivamvo seNgqungquthela esiSiko: Izinto ezichaphazela umlinganiselo wobuThuba
Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela imilinganiselo ye-turbidity:
A. Ubungakanani beNcam kunye noKuqulunqwa:Ubungakanani kunye nokubunjwa kwamasuntswana amisiweyo kwisampulu kunokuchaphazela ukufundwa kwe-turbidity.Amasuntswana ahlukeneyo asasaza ukukhanya ngokwahlukileyo, ngoko ke ukuqonda iimpawu zesampulu kubalulekile.
B. Ubushushu:Utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa kunokutshintsha iipropati zombini kunye ne-sensor, ezinokuchaphazela imilinganiselo ye-turbidity.Izivamvo zihlala ziza kunye neempawu zembuyekezo yobushushu ukujongana noku.
C. Amanqanaba e-pH:Amanqanaba aphezulu e-pH anokuchaphazela ukudityaniswa kwamasuntswana kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ufundo lwe-turbidity.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-pH yesampulu ingaphakathi koluhlu olwamkelekileyo kubalulekile kwimilinganiselo echanekileyo.
D. Ukuphatha iSampuli kunye noLungiselelo:Indlela isampuli eqokelelwa ngayo, iphathwe, kwaye ilungiswe ngayo inokuchaphazela kakhulu imilinganiselo ye-turbidity.Ubuchule bokuthatha iisampulu ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwesampulu engaguqukiyo kubalulekile kwiziphumo ezithembekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Uluvo lwe-turbidityzizixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.Ukuqonda imigaqo-siseko esemva komlinganiselo we-turbidity kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesivamvo ezikhoyo kuxhobisa izazinzulu, iinjineli, kunye neengcali zokusingqongileyo ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwimimandla yazo, ekugqibeleni zibe negalelo kwiplanethi ekhuselekileyo nesempilweni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-19-2023
