Iindaba - Ukubeka esweni amanqanaba e-oksijini anyibilikisiweyo kwiNkqubo yokuBiya ngamayeza

Yintoni i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo?

I-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO) ibhekisa kwi-oksijini yemolekyuli (O2)_₂) enyibilikiswa emanzini. Yahlukile kwiiathom zeoksijini ezikhoyo kwiimolekyuli zamanzi (H_₂O), njengoko ikhona emanzini ngendlela yeemolekyuli zeoksijini ezizimeleyo, nokuba zivela emoyeni okanye zenziwe yi-photosynthesis zizityalo zasemanzini. Uxinzelelo lwe-DO luphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ubushushu, ityuwa, ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nemisebenzi yebhayoloji. Ngenxa yoko, isebenza njengesalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya imeko yempilo kunye nongcoliseko lweendawo zasemanzini.

Ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni imetabolism yeentsholongwane, ichaphazela ukuphefumla kweeseli, ukukhula, kunye ne-biosynthesis yeemveliso ze-metabolic. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba aphezulu eoksijini enyibilikisiweyo awasoloko eluncedo. Ioksijini egqithisileyo inokukhokelela kwimetabolism engakumbi yeemveliso eziqokelelweyo kwaye inokubangela iimpendulo ezinobuthi. Amanqanaba e-DO afanelekileyo ayahluka phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhaktheriya. Umzekelo, ngexesha le-biosynthesis ye-penicillin, i-DO ihlala igcinwe malunga ne-30% yomoya ogcweleyo. Ukuba i-DO yehla iye kwi-zero kwaye ihlala kuloo nqanaba imizuzu emihlanu, ukwakheka kwemveliso kunokuphazamiseka kakhulu. Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka imizuzu engama-20, umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa unokwenzeka.

Okwangoku, ii-sensors ze-DO ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zinokulinganisa kuphela ukugcwala komoya, endaweni yoxinzelelo olupheleleyo lweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo. Emva kokucoca intsholongwane kwindawo yokukhulisa, umoya kunye nokuxukuxa kwenziwa de kube ukufundwa kwe-sensor kuzinze, apho ixabiso limiselwa kwi-100% yokugcwala komoya. Ukulinganisa okulandelayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvubela kusekelwe kolu luhlu. Amaxabiso e-DO apheleleyo awanakumiselwa kusetyenziswa ii-sensors ezisemgangathweni kwaye afuna iindlela eziphambili, ezifana ne-polarography. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganisa ukugcwala komoya ngokubanzi kwanele ukujonga nokulawula iinkqubo zokuvubela.

Ngaphakathi kwi-fermenter, amanqanaba e-DO anokwahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba ukufundwa okuzinzileyo kufunyenwe ngaxesha lithile, ukuguquguquka kusenokwenzeka kwiindawo ezithile zenkcubeko. Ii-fermenter ezinkulu zivame ukubonisa utshintsho olukhulu lwendawo kumanqanaba e-DO, nto leyo enokuchaphazela kakhulu ukukhula kweentsholongwane kunye nemveliso. Ubungqina bovavanyo bubonise ukuba, nangona inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-DO linokuba yi-30%, ukusebenza kokubila phantsi kweemeko eziguquguqukayo kuphantsi kakhulu kunaphantsi kweemeko ezizinzileyo. Ke ngoko, ekunyuseni ii-fermenter—ngaphaya kokuqwalasela ukufana kwejometri kunye namandla—ukunciphisa utshintsho lwe-DO lwendawo kuseyinjongo ephambili yophando.

Kutheni Ukubeka Iliso Kwi-Oxygen Enyibilikisiweyo Kubalulekile Kwi-Biopharmaceutical Fermentation?

1. Ukugcina Indawo Efanelekileyo Yokukhula Kweentsholongwane okanye Iiseli
Ukubiliswa kwemizi-mveliso kudla ngokubandakanya iintsholongwane ze-aerobic, ezifana ne-Escherichia coli kunye ne-yeast, okanye iiseli zezilwanyana ezincancisayo, ezifana neeseli ze-Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO). Ezi seli zisebenza "njengabasebenzi" kwinkqubo yokubiliswa, zifuna i-oxygen yokuphefumla kunye nomsebenzi we-metabolic. I-oxygen isebenza njenge-terminal electron acceptor ekuphefumleni kwe-aerobic, okuvumela ukuveliswa kwamandla ngendlela ye-ATP. Ukunikezelwa kwe-oxygen enganeleyo kunokukhokelela ekumitheni kweseli, ukuma kokukhula, okanye nokufa kweseli, ekugqibeleni okubangela ukungaphumeleli kokubiliswa. Ukubeka esweni amanqanaba e-DO kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuxinana kwe-oxygen kuhlala kukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokukhula kweseli okuqhubekekayo kunye nokuphila.

2. Ukuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezijolise kuzo ngokufanelekileyo
Injongo yokuvutshelwa kwe-biopharmaceutical ayikokukhuthaza ukwanda kweeseli kuphela kodwa kukwenza kube lula ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezifunwayo, ezifana ne-insulin, ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal, ii-vaccines, kunye nee-enzymes. Ezi ndlela ze-biosynthetic zihlala zifuna amandla amaninzi, ngokuyintloko ezivela ekuphefumleni kwe-aerobic. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ezininzi ze-enzyme ezibandakanyekayo ekuvelisweni kwemveliso zixhomekeke ngqo kwi-oxygen. Ukungabikho kwe-oxygen kunokuphazamisa okanye kunciphise ukusebenza kwezi ndlela.

Ngaphezu koko, amanqanaba e-DO asebenza njengophawu lolawulo. Amanqanaba e-DO aphezulu kakhulu naphantsi kakhulu anokwenza oku kulandelayo:
- Tshintsha iindlela zemetabolism zeeseli, umzekelo, ukutshintsha ukusuka ekuphefumleni nge-aerobic ukuya ekuvuthweni okungeyongozi kakuhle kwe-anaerobic.
- Yenza ukuba iiseli ziphendule ngoxinzelelo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvelisweni kweemveliso ezingafunekiyo.
- Ichaphazela amanqanaba okubonakaliswa kweeproteni zangaphandle.

Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo amanqanaba e-DO kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okubila, kunokwenzeka ukukhokela imetabolism yeseli ekujoliseni ukwenziwa kwemveliso ekujoliswe kuyo, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswe ukubila okuxineneyo kunye nokuvelisa okuphezulu.

Intshayelelo kwiTshathi yokuHamba kwamanzi kwiBio Pharmaceuticals

3. Ukuthintela ukunqongophala kweoksijini okanye ukugqithisa
Ukungabikho kweoksijini (hypoxia) kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu:
- Ukukhula kweeseli kunye nokwenziwa kweemveliso kuyaphela.
- I-metabolism itshintshela kwiindlela ze-anaerobic, nto leyo ebangela ukuqokelelwa kwee-organic acids ezifana ne-lactic acid kunye ne-acetic acid, ezinciphisa i-pH ye-culture medium kwaye zinokufaka iiseli kwityhefu.
- Ukungabikho koxia ixesha elide kunokubangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa, apho ukubuyiselwa komoya kungaphelelanga nasemva kokuba umbane weoksijini ubuyiselwe.

Ioksijini egqithisileyo (ukwanda kobushushu) nayo inokubangela iingozi:
- Inokubangela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokwakheka kweentlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo (ROS), ezonakalisa ii-membranes zeeseli kunye nee-biomolecules.
- Umoya ogqithisileyo kunye nokushukuma kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchithekeni kwezixhobo ezingeyomfuneko.

4. NjengeParamitha Ebalulekileyo Yokubeka Iliso Ngexesha Langempela kunye noLawulo Lwempendulo

I-DO yiparameter yexesha langempela, eqhubekayo, nepheleleyo ebonisa iimeko zangaphakathi zenkqubo yokubilisa. Utshintsho kumanqanaba e-DO lunokubonisa ngokucacileyo iimeko ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nezokusebenza:
- Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweeseli kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanqanaba e-DO ehle.
- Ukuncipha okanye ukuthintelwa kwe-substrate kucothisa imetabolism, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini kwaye kubangele ukuba amanqanaba e-DO anyuke.
- Ungcoliseko ziintsholongwane zangaphandle lutshintsha indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ioksijini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshintsheni okungaqhelekanga kwe-DO kwaye lusebenza njengesilumkiso kwangethuba.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo, njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesivuseleli, ukuvaleka kwemibhobho yomoya, okanye ukungcola kwesihluzo, kunokubangela ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwe-DO.

Ngokudibanisa ukujonga i-DO ngexesha langempela kwinkqubo yolawulo lwempendulo oluzenzekelayo, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwamanqanaba e-DO lunokufezekiswa ngokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwezi parameter zilandelayo:
- Isantya sokuxukuxa: Ukwandisa isantya kuphucula ukudibana kwegesi nolwelo ngokuqhekeza amaqamza, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kweoksijini. Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye isebenzayo.
- Izinga lomoya: Ukulungisa izinga lokuhamba okanye ukwakheka kwegesi yokungena (umz., ukwandisa umlinganiselo womoya okanye ioksijini ecocekileyo).
- Uxinzelelo lwetanki: Ukunyusa uxinzelelo kwandisa uxinzelelo oluncinci lweoksijini, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukunyibilika.
- Ubushushu: Ukwehlisa ubushushu kwandisa ukunyibilika kweoksijini kwindawo yokukhulisa izityalo.

Iingcebiso zemveliso zeBOQU zokujonga kwi-intanethi ukubiliswa kwezinto eziphilayo: