Iindaba - Ungaqinisekisa njani ukhuseleko emanzini okusela?

https://www.boquinstruments.com/news/how-to-ensure-drinking-water-safety/

I. Imigangatho yaMazwe ngaMazwe yamaNqanaba okuSela afanelekileyo

Ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela lusisiseko sempilo yabantu, kwaye uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lunemigaqo engqongqo neneenkcukacha ngemigangatho yamanzi okusela afanelekileyo. Njengegunya lehlabathi kwimpilo yoluntu, i-World Health Organisation (WHO) iphuhlise imigangatho yamanzi okusela enempembelelo enkulu. Ichaza amanzi okusela akhuselekileyo njengamanzi, xa esetyenziswa ngesantya seelitha ezi-2 ngosuku ubomi bonke ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka engama-70 yobomi, angabangela monakalo omkhulu empilweni. Le nkcazo ikwabandakanya amanzi asetyenziselwa ucoceko lomntu lwemihla ngemihla.

Ngokuphathelele izalathisi ezithile, i-WHO ithi amanzi okusela akufuneki abe neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukwenzeka nokusasazeka kwezifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi. Okwangoku, amanqanaba eekhemikhali kunye nezinto ezinemisebe emanzini kufuneka alawulwe ngaphakathi kwemigangatho engabiki mngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu. Iimpawu zeemvakalelo nazo zibalulekile: amanzi kufuneka abe nenkangeleko entle, umbala, ivumba, kunye nencasa entle, njengoko ezi zizibonakaliso eziphambili ezithe ngqo zabantu zokugweba ukwamkelwa komgangatho wamanzi. Ukongeza, amanzi okusela kufuneka abulawe iintsholongwane ukuze kubulawe okanye kuthintelwe iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubulala iintsholongwane ziquka i-chlorination, i-chloramination, i-ozonation, kunye ne-ultraviolet disinfection.

Amazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla nayo iye yaqulunqa imigangatho yayo ngokusekelwe kwizikhokelo ze-WHO, kunye neemeko zayo zokwenyani. Imigangatho yangoku yaseTshayina yoMgangatho waManzi okuSela (GB 5749-2022) ibeka phambili iimfuno ezintlanu ezisisiseko zempilo zomgangatho wamanzi, ezihambelana nemigangatho ye-WHO, ngelixa ihlaziya ezinye izalathisi ngokweemfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yasekhaya. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (EPA) ikwanayo nemigangatho engqongqo yamanzi okusela, enemida ecacileyo yongcoliseko olwahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ibisomeleza ngakumbi ukubekwa kweliso kwiingcoliseko ezivelayo ezifana nezinto ze-per- kunye ne-polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS). Imigangatho ye-EU ingqongqo nangakumbi; umzekelo, ibeka umda we-nitrate kwi-3 mg/L, ongqongqo kunomgangatho we-10 mg/L obekwe yi-WHO kunye neTshayina.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/iot-digital-residual-chlorine-sensor-2-product/

II. Imingeni ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela

(1) Ukusasazwa kwezixhobo kwihlabathi liphela ngokungalinganiyo

Ngokweengxelo ze-UN, malunga nabantu abayi-2.1 yeebhiliyoni kwihlabathi liphela abasakwazi ukufikelela emanzini acocekileyo okusela, apho phakathi kwabo izigidi ezili-106 basela ngqo amanzi angaphezulu anganyangwanga. Kumazwe angaphuhliyo kangako, abantu banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuswela amanzi okusela asisiseko kunye neenkonzo zococeko xa kuthelekiswa nalawo akwamanye amazwe. Umsantsa phakathi kwezixeko namaphandle nawo usaqhubeka, kunye neemeko zobonelelo lwamanzi kunye nococeko kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezisilele kakhulu emva kwezo zisezidolophini. Iindawo zasemaphandleni zihlala zijongene neengxaki ezifana nemithombo yamanzi engazinzile, ubuninzi bamanzi angonelanga, ukhuseleko lwamanzi olungonelanga, izibonelelo zamanzi ezibuthathaka, kunye nokuguga okukhulu kunye nokuvuza kwemibhobho yamanzi, konke oku kwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/chemical-oxygen-demand-codcr-water-quality-online-automatic-analyzer-product/

(2) Iingxaki Ezikhulayo Zongcoliseko

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nemveliso enkulu yezolimo yenze ungcoliseko lwamanzi lwaba yingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhutshwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwamanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso kungenisa inani elikhulu leekhemikhali emanzini. Ezi zinto zihlala emanzini ixesha elide, uninzi lwazo aluboli, kwaye zinokutyhefa umzimba womntu ngokuthe ngqo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwixesha elifutshane lunokubangela ubuthi obuqatha, ngelixa uxinano oluphantsi kwixesha elide lunokubangela ubuthi obungapheliyo. Izichumisi zeekhemikhali kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yezolimo zingena emanzini ngokuhamba kwamanzi emvula, zibangele ukungcola okukhulu kunye nongcoliseko lweekhemikhali. Ukongeza, ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezivelayo, ezifana "neekhemikhali ezingapheliyo" ezifana nePFAS, kunzima ukuzingcolisa kwindawo yendalo, ziqokelelana kwindawo yendalo nakwimizimba yabantu, kwaye zibeka izisongelo ezintsha kukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela.

(3) Iingozi Ezintsha Ezivela Kutshintsho Lwemozulu

Utshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela lukhokelele kwiziganeko zemozulu ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nembalela, iimvula ezinkulu, kunye namaza obushushu, nto leyo ebangela imingeni emitsha kukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela. Iimbalela zinciphisa umthamo wamanzi kwaye zomise imithombo yamanzi, zinyusa uxinzelelo lobonelelo lwamanzi. Imvula enkulu inokubangela izikhukula, ihlambe ukungcola komhlaba kwimithombo yamanzi kwaye idodobale umgangatho wamanzi. Okwangoku, utshintsho lwemozulu lunokuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwendalo lweendawo zamanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokuqhuma kwe-algal eninzi, nto leyo echaphazela ngakumbi ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/new-industrial-phorp-meter-product/

III. Indima yokubeka iliso kuMgangatho waManzi ekuqinisekiseni uKhuseleko lwaManzi okuSela

Ukubeka iliso kumgangatho wamanzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela, nto leyo egubungela yonke inkqubo ukusuka kwimithombo yamanzi ukuya kwiimpompo.

(1) Ulawulo lweMthombo

Ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi rhoqo kwimithombo yamanzi kunokufumanisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba amanzi angcolisiwe na, kunye nohlobo kunye nobungakanani bongcoliseko. Umzekelo, ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi emilanjeni, emachibini, emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba, nakwezinye iindawo kunceda ukulandelela utshintsho kwizalathisi ezifana neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo, izinto zeekhemikhali, kunye nezinto ezinemisebe. Nje ukuba izalathisi ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe, amanyathelo anokuthathwa ngokukhawuleza, njengophando lwemithombo yongcoliseko kunye nokuqinisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi avela kwimithombo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela avela kumthombo.

(2) Ulawulo lweNkqubo

Ngexesha lokunyanga amanzi okusela, ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zonyango. Ngokuthelekisa umgangatho wamanzi ngaphambi nasemva konyango, kunokwenzeka ukumisela ukuba iinkqubo ezifana nokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokuhluza zifezekise iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, kwaye ulungise iiparameter zonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi aphuma kwisityalo sokucoca ahlangabezana nemigangatho. Okwangoku, ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwemibhobho kunokufumanisa iingxaki ezifana nokuvuza kwemibhobho kunye nongcoliseko lwesibini ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukujonga utshintsho kwi-residual disinfectant kwimibhobho kunokunceda ukumisela ukuba kukho ungcoliseko lwemibhobho, ukuze ukulungiswa kunye nonyango lwenziwe ngokukhawuleza.

(3) Uqinisekiso lokuphela kwepayipi

Ekupheleni komsebenzisi,ukujongwa komgangatho wamanzikuvumela abemi ukuba baqonde umgangatho wamanzi okusela emakhayeni abo. Ukuvela kwezixhobo zokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi eziphathekayo kwenza abemi bakwazi ukuvavanya ezinye izalathisi zamanzi okusela ngokwabo, ezinje ngokungcola, ixabiso le-pH, kunye nesibulali-ntsholongwane esisele. Oku akugcini nje ngokwandisa ukuzithemba kwabemi kukhuseleko lwamanzi okusela kodwa kubenza bakwazi ukubona iingxaki baze bazixele kumasebe afanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhuthaza imeko-bume entle yokubeka esweni uluntu lonke malunga nokhuseleko lwamanzi okusela.

Ukongeza, idatha yokubeka esweni umgangatho wamanzi inika isiseko esibalulekileyo sokwenziwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nophando lwesayensi. Ukuhlalutya inani elikhulu ledatha yokubeka esweni kunceda ukuqonda imeko iyonke kunye neendlela zophuhliso zokhuseleko lwamanzi okusela, kuxhasa ukwenziwa kwemigangatho yamanzi okusela kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo yesayensi nefanelekileyo. Ikwanceda abaphandi ukuba benze izifundo ezinzulu malunga neepateni zongcoliseko lwamanzi kunye neetekhnoloji zonyango, ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula inqanaba lokuqinisekiswa kokhuseleko lwamanzi okusela.

Bhala umyalezo wakho apha uze uwuthumele kuthi

Ixesha leposi: Epreli-17-2026