ISicelo seSicelo sokuHlolwa kobumdaka kwiNkampani yokuVelisa iNtwasahlobo

Kwinkqubo yonyango yomgangatho wemithombo, i-phosphating iqeshwe ukwenza i-coating yokukhusela ekhusela ukubola. Oku kubandakanya ukuntywiliselwa kwemithombo kwisisombululo sephosphating esiqulethe i-ion zetsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, manganese, kunye ne-nickel. Ngokusabela kweekhemikhali, ifilimu yetyuwa ye-phosphate enganyibilikiyo yenziwa kwindawo yasentwasahlobo.

Le nkqubo ivelisa iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zamanzi amdaka
1. I-Phosphating Waste Bath Solution: Ibhafu ye-phosphating ifuna ukutshintshwa ngamaxesha athile, okukhokelela kulwelo lwenkunkuma oluxinana kakhulu. Izingcolisi eziphambili ziquka i-zinc, i-manganese, i-nickel, kunye ne-phosphate.
2. I-Phosphating Rinse Water: Ukulandela i-phosphating, izigaba ezininzi zokucoca ziqhutywa. Nangona i-concentration yongcoliseko ingaphantsi kuneyokuhlambela okuchithiweyo, umthamo mkhulu. La manzi okuhlamba aqulethe i-zinc eshiyekileyo, i-manganese, i-nickel, kunye ne-phosphorus iyonke, eyenza owona mthombo wamanzi amdaka e-phosphating kwiindawo zokwenziwa kwentwasahlobo.

Isishwankathelo esineNgcaciso seziNgcolisi eziPhambili:
1. I-Iron – i-Primary Metallic Pollutant
Umthombo: Ngokuyintloko isuka kwinkqubo yokukhetha i-asidi, apho intsimbi yasentwasahlobo iphathwa nge-hydrochloric okanye i-sulfuric acid ukususa isikali se-iron oxide (irusi). Oku kubangela ukuchithwa okubalulekileyo kwee-iron kumanzi amdaka.
Ingqiqo yokuBeka iliso kunye noLawulo:
- Iimpembelelo eziBonakalayo: Ekuphumeni kwayo, ii-ion ze-ferrous oxidize kwi-ferric ion, zenza i-ferric hydroxide precipitates ebomvu-brown edala ukungqubeka kunye nokuguquka kwemibala yemizila yamanzi.
- Iimpembelelo ze-Ecological: I-ferric hydroxide eyongeziweyo inokuhlala phezu kwemilambo, igubungele i-benthic organisms kunye nokuphazamisa i-ecosystem yasemanzini.
- Imiba yeziseko ezingundoqo: Iidiphozithi zentsimbi zingakhokelela ekuvalelekeni kwemibhobho kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
- Imfuneko yoNyango: Ngaphandle kwetyhefu ephantsi, i-iron ihlala ikhona kwindawo ephezulu kwaye inokususwa ngokufanelekileyo ngohlengahlengiso lwe-pH kunye nemvula. Unyango lwangaphambili luyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka kweenkqubo ezisezantsi.

2. IZinc kunye neManganese-I "Phosphating Pair"
Imithombo: Ezi zinto zisuka ikakhulu kwinkqubo ye-phosphating, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokunamathela kwi-coating. Uninzi lwabavelisi basentwasahlobo basebenzisa i-zinc-okanye i-manganese-based phosphating solutions. Ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi okulandelayo kuthwala i-zinc kunye ne-manganese ion kumlambo wamanzi amdaka.
Ingqiqo yokuBeka iliso kunye noLawulo:
- Ityhefu yasemanzini: Zombini iintsimbi zibonisa ubutyhefu obubalulekileyo kwintlanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphila emanzini, nakwindawo ephantsi, echaphazela ukukhula, ukuzala kunye nokuphila.
- I-Zinc: Iphazamisa umsebenzi weentlanzi zeentlanzi, ibeka esichengeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphefumla.
-I-Manganese: Ukuvezwa okungapheliyo kukhokelela kwi-bioaccumulation kunye neziphumo ezinokuthi zibe neurotoxic.
- Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho: Imigangatho yokukhutshwa kwelizwe kunye neyamazwe ngamazwe ibeka imida engqongqo kwizinga le-zinc kunye ne-manganese. Ukususwa okusebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna imvula yeekhemikhali kusetyenziswa i-alkaline reagents ukwenza i-insoluble hydroxides.

3. I-Nickel - I-Metal ye-High-Risk Heavy Efuna ukuLawulwa okungqongqo
Imithombo:
- I-inherent kwi-raw materials: Iintsimbi ezithile ze-alloy, ezibandakanya insimbi engenasici, ziqulethe i-nickel, inyibilika kwi-asidi ngexesha lokukhetha.
- Iinkqubo zokunyanga umphezulu: Ezinye ii-electroplating ezikhethekileyo okanye iikhemikhali zokugquma zibandakanya iikhompawundi zenickel.
Ingqiqo yokuBeka iliso noLawulo (Ukubaluleka okuBalulekileyo):
- Iingozi zeMpilo kunye nokusiNgqongileyo: I-nickel kunye neekhompawundi ezithile ze-nickel zihlelwa njengezinto ezinokubakho i-carcinogens. Bakwabeka imingcipheko ngenxa yobutyhefu babo, iipropathi ze-allergenic, kunye nomthamo we-bioaccumulation, ebonisa izoyikiso zexesha elide kwimpilo yabantu kunye ne-ecosystems.
- Imida yokuLahlwa okungqongqo: Imimiselo efana ne "Integrated Waste Water Discharge Standards" ebekwe phakathi kweyona ndawo iphantsi evumelekileyo ye-nickel (ngokuqhelekileyo ≤0.5-1.0 mg / L), ebonisa izinga eliphezulu lengozi.
- Imingeni yoNyango: Imvula yealkali eqhelekileyo ayinakufikelela kumanqanaba okuthotyelwa; Iindlela eziphambili ezifana ne-chelating agents okanye i-sulfide precipitation zihlala zifuneka ukuze kususwe i-nickel esebenzayo.

Ukukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo kwamanzi amdaka angacocwanga kungakhokelela kungcoliseko oluqatha noluzingileyo lokusingqongileyo lwemithombo yamanzi nomhlaba. Ke ngoko, onke amanzi amdaka kufuneka enze unyango olululo kunye novavanyo olungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngaphambi kokukhululwa. Ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani kwindawo yokukhupha isebenza njengomlinganiselo obalulekileyo kumashishini ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lokusingqongileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kolawulo, kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko yendalo kunye nezomthetho.