Ityala lesicelo sokujonga ukungcola kwiNkampani yoMveliso yaseSpring

Kwinkqubo yokulungisa umphezulu wemithombo, i-phosphating isetyenziselwa ukwenza uqweqwe olukhuselayo oluthintela ukugqwala. Oku kubandakanya ukuntywiliselwa kwemithombo kwisisombululo se-phosphating esinee-ion zesinyithi ezifana ne-zinc, i-manganese, kunye ne-nickel. Ngokusebenzisa ii-chemical reactions, ifilimu yetyuwa ye-phosphate enganyibilikiyo yenziwa kumphezulu wemithombo.

Le nkqubo ivelisa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamanzi amdaka
1. Isisombululo se-Phosphating Waste Bath: I-phosphating bath ifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ulwelo lwenkunkuma oluxineneyo. Izinto ezingcolisayo eziphambili ziquka i-zinc, i-manganese, i-nickel, kunye ne-phosphate.
2. Amanzi okuHlamba ePhosphating: Emva kokuhlanjwa, kwenziwa amanqanaba amaninzi okuhlanjwa. Nangona uxinano longcoliseko luphantsi kunolo lokuhlamba oluchithiweyo, umthamo mkhulu kakhulu. La manzi okuhlanjwa aqulethe i-zinc eseleyo, i-manganese, i-nickel, kunye ne-phosphorus epheleleyo, nto leyo eyenza umthombo ophambili wamanzi amdaka ePhosphating kwiindawo zokwenza izinto zasentwasahlobo.

Isishwankathelo esineenkcukacha zezinto ezingcolisa ukungcola eziphambili:
1. Intsimbi – Ungcoliseko oluPhambili lweMetallic
Umthombo: Ngokuyintloko ivela kwinkqubo yokugaya i-asidi, apho intsimbi yentwasahlobo iphathwa nge-hydrochloric okanye i-sulfuric acid ukususa isikali se-iron oxide (umhlwa). Oku kuphumela ekunyibilikeni okukhulu kwee-iron ion emanzini amdaka.
Isizathu sokuBeka eSweni nokuLawula:
- Impembelelo ebonakalayo: Xa ikhutshwa, ii-ion ze-ferrous ziyanyibilika zibe zii-ion ze-ferric, zenze ii-precipitates ze-ferric hydroxide ezibomvu-mdaka ezibangela ukudumba kunye nokutshintsha kombala kwiindawo zamanzi.
- Iziphumo zeNdalo: I-ferric hydroxide eqokelelweyo inokuhlala emacaleni omlambo, igubungele izinto eziphilayo ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwaye iphazamise iinkqubo zendalo zasemanzini.
- Iingxaki zeZiseko zoPhuhliso: Iintsimbi ezidityanisiweyo zinokubangela ukuba imibhobho ivaleke kwaye kunciphe ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
- Imfuneko Yonyango: Nangona inetyhefu ephantsi, i-iron ihlala ikhona xa ikwizinga eliphezulu kwaye inokususwa ngempumelelo ngokulungiswa kwe-pH kunye nemvula. Unyango lwangaphambi kwexesha lubalulekile ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwiinkqubo ezisezantsi.

2. I-Zinc kunye neManganese – "I-Phosphating Pair"
Imithombo: Ezi zinto zivela kwinkqubo ye-phosphating, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokunamathela kwengubo. Uninzi lwabavelisi basentwasahlobo basebenzisa izisombululo ze-phosphating ezisekelwe kwi-zinc okanye kwi-manganese. Ukuhlamba ngamanzi okulandelayo kuthwala i-zinc kunye ne-manganese ions kumlambo wamanzi amdaka.
Isizathu sokuBeka eSweni nokuLawula:
- Ubuthi Bamanzi: Zombini ezi metali zibonisa ubuthi obukhulu kwiintlanzi nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, nokuba ziphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela ukukhula, ukuzala, kunye nokusinda.
- I-Zinc: Iphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-gill yentlanzi, ibeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphefumla.
- I-Manganese: Ukuvezwa rhoqo kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nemiphumo enobungozi kwi-neurological.
- Ukuthobela iMithetho: Imigangatho yokukhupha imveliso yesizwe neyehlabathi ibeka imida engqongqo kumazinga e-zinc kunye ne-manganese. Ukususwa ngempumelelo kudla ngokufuna ukuna kweekhemikhali kusetyenziswa ii-reagents ze-alkaline ukwenza ii-hydroxide ezinganyibilikiyo.

3. I-Nickel – Isinyithi Esinzima Esinomngcipheko Omkhulu Esifuna Ulawulo Olungqongqo
Imithombo:
- Ivela kwizinto ezikrwada: Iintsimbi ezithile ze-alloy, kuquka intsimbi engagqwaliyo, ziqulathe i-nickel, enyibilika kwi-asidi ngexesha lokuyikha.
- Iinkqubo zokunyanga umphezulu: Ezinye ii-electroplating ezikhethekileyo okanye ii-chemical coatings ziquka ii-nickel compounds.
Isizathu sokuBeka eSweni noLawulo (Ukubaluleka Okubalulekileyo):
- Iingozi zeMpilo nezokusingqongileyo: Iikhompawundi zeNickel kunye nezinye iikhompawundi zeNickel zihlelwa njengezinto ezinokubangela umhlaza. Zikwabeka iingozi ngenxa yobuthi bazo, iimpawu ze-allergen, kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukuqokelelana kwezinto eziphilayo, nto leyo ebeka iingozi zexesha elide kwimpilo yoluntu nakwindalo.
- Imida yokukhupha amanzi engqongqo: Imithetho efana ne "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" ibekwe phakathi kwamanqanaba aphantsi avumelekileyo e-nickel (ngesiqhelo ≤0.5–1.0 mg/L), ebonisa inqanaba layo eliphezulu lobungozi.
- Imingeni yoNyango: Ukuna kwe-alkali eqhelekileyo kusenokungafikeleli kumanqanaba okuthobela imithetho; iindlela eziphambili ezifana nee-chelating agents okanye ukuna kwe-sulfide zihlala zifuneka ukuze kususwe i-nickel ngempumelelo.

Ukukhutshwa ngqo kwamanzi amdaka anganyangwanga kuya kubangela ukungcoliseka okukhulu nokuqhubekayo kwendalo kwimithombo yamanzi nomhlaba. Ke ngoko, onke amanzi amdaka kufuneka aphathwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye avavanyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ngaphambi kokuba akhutshwe. Ukubekwa esweni ngexesha langempela kwindawo yokukhupha amanzi kusebenza njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo kumashishini ukuba azalisekise uxanduva lokusingqongileyo, aqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kwaye anciphise iingozi zemvelo nezomthetho.