Uchungechunge lwemizi-mveliso ye-elektroni lusetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukulinganiswa kwamanzi acocekileyo, amanzi acocekileyo, unyango lwamanzi, njl njl. Iboniswe sisilinda esiphindwe kabini kunye ne-allotium ye-ALTINAM, enokuba yindalo i-oxidod yokwakha idlule kwidlekeni yekhemikhali. Ukuchasana nokungeniswa komgangatho wokuphefumla kuyanyangeka kuzo zonke iintlobo zolwelwe ngaphandle kwe-fluoride acid. I-Interculation Imbuyekezo yeGransions: NTC2.252K, i-2K, i-10k, i-20K, i-20K, i-30K, i-PTL00, PTL000, njl.
I-1. Ukuqhubeka kwe-electrode: 0.1, 0.01
I-2. Amandla e-comtation: 0.6Mpa
3. Uluhlu lokulinganisa: 0.01-20US / CM, 0.1 ~ 4US / cm
I-4. Unxibelelwano: ityhubhu ye-hard, i-hose tube, ukufaka iflene
I-5. Izixhobo: I-316l allous yentsimbi, i-titanium kunye neplatinam
6. Isicelo: Ukubiwa, iikhemikhali, amanzi amdaka
Ukuqhubela phambilingumgangatho wamanzi ukugqithisa ukuhamba kombane. Obu buchule bunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo noxinzelelo lwee-ions kumanzi 1. Ezi zi-ions ze-intshi ezifana ne-Alkalis, i-chlorides, i-ions ezikhoyo, ukuqhubela phambili kwamanzi. Kwangokunjalo, ii-iion ezimbalwa ezisemanzini, ziphantsi kweyona nto iphantsi. Amanzi anqabileyo okanye ama-deoed an an an an an an an an an an an an angenise i-imenteeator ngenxa yexabiso layo (ukuba ayicingi) ixabiso le-2. Amanzi olwandle, kwelinye icala, unokuphume kakhulu.
I-Ions iqhuba umbane ngenxa yeendleko zabo ezintle nezingalunganga ze-Eict. Xa i-electronetity inyibilikisiwe emanzini, zahlula-hlula ihlawulwe kakuhle (i-cation) kwaye ihlawulwe kakubi. Njengoko izinto ezincitshisiweyo zahlulahlulwa emanzini, ukugxila kwentlawulo nganye elungileyo nengalunganga kuhlala ilingana. Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona ubuqhophololo bokwanda kwamanzi ngee-ion zongezwa, zihlala zingathathi cala 2