Ityala lesicelo sokukhutshelwa kwamanzi amdaka kwi-Shanghai's ekrwada iNyama ekrwada kunye noShishino lokuLungisa

Inkampani yokulungisa inyama ese-Shanghai yasekwa ngo-2011 kwaye ikwiSithili saseSongjiang. Ushishino lwayo lubandakanya imisebenzi evunyelweyo efana nokuxhelwa kweehagu, iinkukhu kunye nokuzala imfuyo, ukuhanjiswa kokutya, kunye nothutho ezindleleni (ngaphandle kwezinto eziyingozi). Iqumrhu elingumzali, inkampani yaseShanghai esekwe kwimizi-mveliso kunye neyorhwebo ekwakwiSithili saseSongjiang, lishishini labucala elisebenza ngokufama kweehagu. Yongamela iifama ezinkulu ezine zehagu, ngoku igcine malunga nama-5,000 eehagu ezizalayo ezinomthamo wemveliso yonyaka ukuya kutsho kwi-100,000 yeehagu ezilungele ukuthengisa. Ukongeza, inkampani isebenzisana neefama ezingama-50 zendalo ezidibanisa ukulinywa kwezityalo kunye nokufuywa kwezilwanyana.

Amashishini okuxhela iNyama ekrwada kunye nokuLungiswa

Amanzi amdaka avela kwiindawo zokuxhela iihagu anezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kunye nezondlo. Ukuba ayilahlwanga, ibeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zasemanzini, umhlaba, umgangatho womoya, kunye nendalo ebanzi. Iimpembelelo eziphambili zokusingqongileyo zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ungcoliseko lwaManzi (esona siphumo sikhawulezileyo nesinzima)
Amanzi amdaka aseSlaughterhouse atyebile kwizingcolisi eziphilayo kunye nezondlo. Xa zikhutshelwa ngokuthe ngqo emilanjeni, emachibini, okanye echibini, izinto eziphilayo—njengegazi, amafutha, ilindle, neentsalela zokutya—ziboliswa ziintsholongwane, inkqubo etya isixa esikhulu seoksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO). Ukuncipha kwe-DO kukhokelela kwiimeko ze-anaerobic, ezikhokelela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezifana neentlanzi kunye ne-shrimp ngenxa ye-hypoxia. Ukubola kwe-Anaerobic kuvelisa ngakumbi iigesi ezibuhlungu-kuquka i-hydrogen sulfide, i-ammonia, kunye ne-mercaptans-ebangela ukuguquka kwamanzi kunye nevumba elibi, okwenza amanzi angasebenziseki nayiphi na injongo.

Amanzi amdaka akwanamanqanaba aphezulu enitrogen (N) kunye nephosphorus (P). Ekungeneni emanzini, ezi zondlo zikhuthaza ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwe-algae kunye ne-phytoplankton, ekhokelela ekuqhumeni kwe-algal okanye amaza abomvu. Ukubola okulandelayo kwe-algae efileyo ngakumbi kuphelisa ioksijini, kutshabalalisa inkqubo yendalo yasemanzini. Amanzi e-Eutrophic afumana umgangatho ophantsi kwaye akafaneleki ukusela, ukunkcenkceshela, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.

Ngaphezu koko, amanzi amdaka asenokuthwala iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic—kuquka ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye namaqanda ezifunxi-gazi (umzekelo, i-Escherichia coli kunye ne-Salmonella)—eziphuma emathunjini ezilwanyana nakwilindle. Ezi pathogens zinokusasazeka ngokuhamba kwamanzi, zingcolise imithombo yamanzi esezantsi, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka kwezifo ze-zoonotic, kunye nokubeka impilo yoluntu emngciphekweni.

2. Ungcoliseko loMhlaba
Ukuba amanzi amdaka alahlwa ngqo emhlabeni okanye asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela, izinto eziqinileyo kunye namafutha amisiweyo zinokuvala imingxuma yomhlaba, ziphazamise ubume bomhlaba, zinciphise ukungeneka, kwaye ziphazamise ukukhula kweengcambu. Ubukho bezinto zokubulala iintsholongwane, izicoci kunye nesinyithi esinzima (umzekelo, ikopolo kunye nezinki) ezisuka kukutya kwezilwanyana zinokuqokelelana emhlabeni ngokuhamba kwexesha, zitshintshe iimpawu zawo ze-physicochemical, zibangele ukugcwala kwetyuwa okanye ubutyhefu, kwaye kubangele ukuba umhlaba ungafaneleki kwezolimo. Ubuninzi benitrogen kunye nephosphorus engaphaya kwamandla ezityalo kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwezityalo ("ukutsha kwesichumiso") kwaye kunokungena emanzini aphantsi komhlaba, kubeka imingcipheko yongcoliseko.

3. Ungcoliseko Lomoya
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-anaerobic, ukubola kwamanzi amdaka kuvelisa iigesi ezinobungozi kunye neziyingozi ezifana ne-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S, ebonakala ngevumba leqanda elibolileyo), i-ammonia (NH₃), i-amines, kunye ne-mercaptans. Oku kukhutshwayo akwenzi nje amavumba enkathazo achaphazela uluntu olukufutshane kodwa kubangela iingozi zempilo; Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-H₂S luyityhefu kwaye lunokubulala. Ukongeza, i-methane (CH₄), igesi enamandla ye-greenhouse nenamandla okufudumala kwehlabathi ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini e-carbon dioxide, iveliswa ngexesha lokugaya i-anaerobic, igalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu.

Imfuno yeoksijini yeekhemikhali (COD) analyzer

E-China, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka kwindawo yokuxhela kulawulwa phantsi kwenkqubo yemvume efuna ukuthotyelwa kwemida egunyazisiweyo yokukhutshwa. Izibonelelo kufuneka zihambelane ngokungqongqo nemigaqo yeMvume yokuKhupha ngokuNgcolisekileyo kwaye zihlangabezane neemfuno "zeMigangatho yokuLahlwa kweziNgcolisi zaManzi kuShishino lokuLungisa iNyama" (GB 13457-92), kunye nayo nayiphi na imigangatho esebenzayo yendawo enokuthi ibe ngqongqo ngakumbi.

Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokukhupha kuhlolwa ngokubeka iliso rhoqo kwiiparamitha ezintlanu eziphambili: imfuno yekhemikhali ye-oksijini (COD), i-ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), i-phosphorus iyonke (i-TP), i-nitrogen iyonke (TN), kunye ne-pH. Ezi zalathi zisebenza njengemilinganiselo yokusebenza yokuvavanya ukusebenza kweenkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka-kubandakanywa ne-sedimentation, ukuhlukana kweoli, unyango lwe-biological, ukususwa kwezondlo, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-disinfection-ukwenza uhlengahlengiso ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okuzinzile nokuthobelayo.

-Imfuno ye-Oxygen yeMichiza (COD):I-COD ilinganisa isixa esipheleleyo se-oxidizable organic matter emanzini. Amaxabiso aphezulu eCOD abonisa ungcoliseko olukhulu lwendalo. Amanzi amdaka endlu yokuxhela, equlathe igazi, amafutha, iprotheyini, kunye ne-fecal matter, ngokuqhelekileyo abonisa ukugxilwa kweCOD ukusuka kwi-2,000 ukuya kwi-8,000 mg/L okanye ngaphezulu. I-COD yokubeka iliso ibalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa komthwalo wendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwimida eyamkelekileyo yokusingqongileyo.

-Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N): Le parameter ibonisa ukuxinwa kwe-ammonia yamahhala (NH₃) kunye ne-ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) emanzini. I-nitrification ye-ammonia idla i-oksijini enyibilikileyo ebalulekileyo kwaye inokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kweoksijini. I-ammonia yasimahla iyityhefu kakhulu kubomi basemanzini nokuba ikwiqondo eliphantsi. Ukongezelela, i-ammonia isebenza njengomthombo wezondlo zokukhula kwe-algal, igalelo kwi-eutrophication. Isuka ekuqhekekeni komchamo, ilindle, kunye neeproteni kumanzi amdaka kwindawo yokuxhela. Ukubeka iliso i-NH₃-N iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo ze-nitrification kunye ne-denitrification kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko yendalo kunye nempilo.

- Iyonke iNitrogen (TN) kunye nePhosphorus iyonke (TP):I-TN imele isixa sazo zonke iifom ze-nitrogen (i-ammonia, i-nitrate, i-nitrite, i-nitrogen ephilayo), ngelixa i-TP iquka zonke iikhompawundi ze-phosphorus. Omabini abaqhubi abaphambili be-eutrophication. Xa ekhutshelwa kumanzi ahamba kancinane anjengamachibi, amadama namachweba, amanzi amdaka anenitrogen nephosphorus abangela ukugqabhuka kobulembu—okufana nokuchumisa amanzi—okukhokelela ekudubuleni kobulembu. Imithetho yangoku yamanzi amdaka ibeka imida engqongqo ngokunyukayo ekukhutshelweni kwe-TN kunye ne-TP. Ukubeka esweni ezi parameters kuvavanya ukusebenza kwetekhnoloji yokususwa kwezondlo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye kunceda ukuthintela ukonakaliswa kwe-ecosystem.

- Ixabiso le-pH:I-pH ibonisa ubumuncu okanye i-alkalinity yamanzi. Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ziphila kuluhlu lwe-pH emxinwa (ngokuqhelekileyo 6-9). Amanzi amdaka aneasidi ngokugqithisileyo okanye ialkaline anokubenzakalisa ubomi basemanzini kwaye aphazamise ulungelelwaniso lwendalo. Kwizityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, ukugcina i-pH efanelekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zonyango lwebhayoloji. Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kwe-pH kuxhasa uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Inkampani ifake ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zokubeka iliso kwi-intanethi ukusuka kwi-Boqu Instruments kwindawo yayo yokukhupha:
- I-CODG-3000 kwi-Intanethi ye-Automatic Chemical Oxygen Demand Monitor
- NHNG-3010 Ammonia Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor
- TPG-3030 Iyonke iPhosphorus kwi-Online Automatic Analyzer
- TNG-3020 Iyonke iNitrogen ye-Online Automatic Analyzer
-PHG-2091 pH I-Automatic Analyzer kwi-Intanethi

I-Ammonia Nitrogen kwi-Intanethi yeMonitor ezenzekelayo

Iyonke iPhosphorus Nitrogen ye-Online Automatic Analyzer

Aba bahlalutyi benza ukuba kubekwe iliso ngexesha lokwenyani le-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-nitrogen iyonke, kunye namanqanaba e-pH kumanzi amdaka. Le datha iququzelela ukuhlolwa kokungcoliseka kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezondlo, uvavanyo lwemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nezicwangciso zonyango. Ngaphezu koko, ivumela ukulungelelaniswa kweenkqubo zonyango, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuthotyelwa okuhambelanayo nemithetho yelizwe kunye neyommandla wendawo.